Category: Legal Articles

ICSID pending cases are investor-State arbitrations and conciliations that ICSID has registered but not yet ended by an award, a settlement, or a withdrawal. As of September 16, 2026, ICSID's online pending list shows about 300 matters. Most are ICSID Convention cases, and Peru, Mexico, and Colombia face the largest pending dockets.

Chapter 558 Florida Statutes requires a property owner to serve a written notice of claim before suing over a construction defect. The notice must go to the contractor, subcontractor, supplier, or design professional at least 60 days before filing, or 120 days for larger associations. The party served may then inspect the...

The Florida breach of contract statute of limitations is five years for written contracts and four years for oral contracts. Section 95.11, Florida Statutes, sets both periods, and the five-year period applies only to a claim founded on a written instrument. The clock starts when the breach occurs, not when you discover...

The OFAC 50 percent rule treats any entity owned 50 percent or more by one or more blocked persons as blocked itself. Ownership counts whether it is direct or indirect, individual or aggregate. The entity need not appear on the SDN List. U.S. persons must block its property and refuse deals with...

The deadline to confirm arbitration award in federal court depends on the type of award. Domestic awards have a one-year window under 9 U.S.C. § 9. New York Convention awards must be confirmed within three years under § 207. ICSID awards enforced in Washington, DC now get twelve years after Titan Consortium...

Non-signatory arbitration means a company can be bound by an arbitration clause it never signed. Generally, courts allow this only in limited situations. In the United States, ordinary state-law doctrines such as agency, alter ego, and estoppel do the work. France applies a broader group of companies test. The results differ sharply...

Seat vs venue arbitration describes two different things. The seat is the arbitration’s legal home. It fixes the procedural law and the courts that supervise and can set aside the award. The venue is simply where hearings physically take place. It is a matter of convenience and carries no legal weight.

A CBP prior disclosure is a voluntary written submission to U.S. Customs and Border Protection that identifies previously undisclosed errors or omissions in import documentation before CBP opens a formal investigation. Filing one under 19 U.S.C. § 1592(c)(4) can substantially reduce potential penalty exposure, though unpaid duties, taxes, and fees remain owed...

An OFAC hold on wire transfer means a bank has frozen a payment because someone involved appears tied to U.S. sanctions. The money sits in a blocked account until the Office of Foreign Assets Control authorizes release. Relief comes through a specific license, a compliance release for errors, or a delisting petition.

Foreign sovereign immunity answers a deceptively simple question: when can a foreign state be sued in U.S. courts? The doctrine determines whether investors, contractors, and award creditors can reach sovereigns and their state-owned entities. Just as importantly, it determines whether a judgment against them can actually be collected. Two unanimous U.S. Supreme...