International Litigation Archives

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Online Dispute Resolution Platforms: Transforming Arbitration

Posted on June 11, 2024

Online dispute resolution has moved from the margins of consumer e-commerce to the center of international arbitration. Virtual hearings, electronic filing, and digital case platforms are now standard features of cross-border disputes, not emergency workarounds. This article explains how online dispute resolution developed, how the major arbitral institutions have adopted it, and...

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(GATS) What is it, And How does it apply

Posted on May 26, 2024

What Is GATS and How Does It Apply? GATS, the General Agreement on Trade in Services, is the World Trade Organization treaty that governs international trade in services. It entered into force on January 1, 1995, as a product of the Uruguay Round negotiations. Before that date,...

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Purchase Order Breaches: How to Prevent and Manage Them

Posted on May 1, 2024

A purchase order looks routine until a shipment arrives late, short, or defective. Purchase order breaches are among the most common triggers of commercial disputes, and they rarely announce themselves in advance. Instead, they surface as a missed delivery window, a unilateral price change, or a supplier who suddenly goes quiet. This...

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Convertible Note: What It Is and How to Make One

Posted on March 13, 2024

A convertible note is a loan that turns into ownership. Startups use it to raise money quickly, without setting a company valuation on day one. The investor lends funds today and receives equity later, usually when the company closes its first priced financing round. The instrument looks simple. However, a handful of...

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What Is an Output Contract?

Posted on March 5, 2024

An output contract is an agreement in which a buyer promises to purchase all of the goods a seller produces during a set period. The seller does not commit to a fixed quantity. Instead, the deal rises and falls with actual production. These agreements appear everywhere in manufacturing, agriculture, mining, and energy,...

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What is ad hoc arbitration?

Posted on February 9, 2024

What Is Ad Hoc Arbitration? Ad hoc arbitration is arbitration that the parties run themselves, without an administering institution. No organization such as the ICC or the LCIA manages the case, collects fees, or supervises the award. Instead, the parties and the tribunal control every procedural choice,...

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Private Equity Investment: Advantages

Posted on February 5, 2024

How Private Equity Investments Can Empower Individuals and Businesses Private Equity investments stand at the pinnacle of strategic financial planning, offering individuals and enterprises a potent tool for wealth accumulation and business growth. With the ability to purchase shares of public and private...

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International Debt Collection: How Does It Work?

Posted on January 31, 2024

International debt collection is the process of recovering money from a debtor located in another country. It combines negotiation, litigation or arbitration, and enforcement against assets, often across several legal systems at once. Because no world court exists for unpaid invoices, the creditor must build a route to the debtor's assets jurisdiction...

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International Binding Contract: How to Draft One That Holds

Posted on January 31, 2024

An international binding contract is only as strong as its weakest clause. Cross-border deals fail less often over price than over the fine print: which law governs, where disputes go, and whether a judgment or award can actually be enforced against the other side's assets. This guide covers the elements that make...

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Houthi Maritime Legal Impact: Red Sea Attacks and Shipping Law

Posted on January 18, 2024

Since late 2023, attacks on merchant shipping in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden have upended a vital trade route. Carriers, insurers, and traders are rereading contracts they had not opened in years. The Houthi maritime legal impact reaches far beyond the headlines. It touches the definition of piracy, war risk...